RESUMO
In this Letter, we present the results of a hit-finding and lead optimization programme against the EP4 receptor (EP4R). In a short time period, we were able to discover five structurally diverse series of hit compounds using a combination of virtual screening methods. The most favoured hit, compound 6, was demonstrated to be a competitive antagonist of the EP4R. Compound 73 was identified following several rounds of optimization, which centred on improving both the primary EP4R affinity and selectivity against the related EP2R as well as the aqueous solubility. This work culminated in the preparation of PGN-1531, the sodium salt of 73, which showed a marked improvement in solubility (>10 mg/mL). PGN-1531 is a potent and selective antagonist at EP4Rs in vitro and in vivo, with the potential to alleviate the symptoms of migraine that result from cerebral vasodilatation.
Assuntos
Descoberta de Drogas , Receptores de Prostaglandina E Subtipo EP4/antagonistas & inibidores , Encéfalo/irrigação sanguínea , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Ligantes , Transtornos de Enxaqueca/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Moleculares , Receptores de Prostaglandina E Subtipo EP4/metabolismo , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Novel deazaxanthine-based DPP-4 inhibitors have been identified that are potent (IC(50) <10nM) and highly selective versus other dipeptidyl peptidases. Their synthesis and SAR are reported, along with initial efforts to improve the PK profile through decoration of the deazaxanthine core. Optimisation of compound 3a resulted in the identification of compound (S)-4i, which displayed an improved in vitro and ADME profile. Further enhancements to the PK profile were possible by changing from the deazahypoxanthine to the deazaxanthine template, culminating in compound 12g, which displayed good ex vivo DPP-4 inhibition and a superior PK profile in rat, suggestive of once daily dosing in man.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/química , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/uso terapêutico , Animais , Células CACO-2 , Cristalografia por Raios X , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/síntese química , Inibidores da Dipeptidil Peptidase IV/farmacologia , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Heterocíclicos/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos/farmacologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Masculino , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Optimisation of ADS100380, a sub-micromolar HDAC inhibitor identified using a virtual screening approach, led to a series of substituted 5-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-thiophene-2-hydroxamic acids (6a-i), that possessed significant HDAC inhibitory activity. Subsequent functionalisation of the pendent phenyl group of compounds 6f and 6g provided analogues 6j-w with further enhanced enzyme and anti-proliferative activity. Compound 6j demonstrated efficacy in a mouse xenograft experiment.
Assuntos
Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Inibidores de Histona Desacetilases , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/síntese química , Ácidos Hidroxâmicos/farmacologia , Pirazóis/síntese química , Pirazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Simulação por Computador , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Humanos , Indicadores e Reagentes , Camundongos , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
Further investigation of a series of thienyl-based hydroxamic acids that included ADS100380 and ADS102550 led to the identification of the 5-pyridin-2-yl-thiophene-2-hydroxamic acid 3c, which possessed modest HDAC inhibitory activity. Substitution at the 5- and 6-positions of the pyridyl ring of compound 3c provided compounds 5a-g, 7a, b, 9, and 13a. Compound 5b demonstrated improved potency, in vitro DMPK profile, and rat oral bioavailability, compared to ADS102550. Functionalisation of the pendent phenyl group of compounds 5b, 5e and 13a provided analogues that possessed excellent enzyme inhibition and anti-proliferative activity.
